| Abstract |
| Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) technology has gained increasing attention as an advanced wastewater treatment process because of its high biomass retention, compact footprint, and stable performance under variable loading conditions. This review summarizes recent advances in MBBR with a focus on media development, physico-chemical properties, functional materials, biofilm formation, microbial community characteristics, and integration with smart process control. For this purpse, relevant studies on commercial carrier, modified carrier, biofilm behavior, treatment performance, and smart operation strategies are reviewed and compared. The analysis demonstrates that media shape, size, density, specific surface area, porosity, and surface chemistry strongly influence hydrodynamics, oxygen transfer, microbial attachment, and biofilm stability. In addition, functional carriers such as conductive, slow-release, and structured materials can actively promote desired biological reactions by enhancing electron transfer, substrate supply, and microenvironment control. Biofilm structure and microbial community composition were also identified as key factors governing treatment efficiency and process resilience. Recent studies further indicate that MBBR is evolving toward a smart and integrated platform through hybridization with advanced treatment systems and the adoption of IoT-, AI-, and digital twin-based control strategies. Overall, the future potential of MBBR depends on the integrated optimization of carrier design, biofilm ecology, and intelligent operation for sustainable wastewater treatment. |
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| Key Words |
| 생물막 담체, 생물학적 처리, 산업폐수, 담체 특성, 이동상 생물막 반응기, Biofilm Media, Biological Treatment, Industrial Wastewater, Media Property, Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor |
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