Abstract |
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation was broadly studied in terms of pH ratio, monochloramine concentrations, longer contact time, and the ratio of nitrogen content in dimethylamine (DMA) to total nitrogen composition as various environmental factors in water treatment system. The formation of NDMA increased with increasing pH and contact time. The NDMA formation at pH 8 was usually twice that at pH 7 at a DMA of 0.01 mM. At pH 7 and 8, generally more than nine times higher NDMA formation was observed with increasing monochloramine concentrations when the DMA concentration was changed from 0.01 mM to 0.05mM. It is likely that pH and monochloramine was more related to stimulate NDMA formation in water treatment systems. |
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Key Words |
Chlorine, Dimethylamine (DMA), Disinfection by-product, Monochloramine, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), Nitrogen content, Water treatment system |
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